Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery Technology

The unique feature of lithium iron phosphate batteries is the use of olive crystal structure, crystal is the shape after crystallization, divided into ionic / molecular / atomic / metal crystals, lithium-ion battery ionic crystal is taken from its cathode material in the arrangement of ionic compounds in the shape of the meaning, that is, by the positive and negative ion group in a certain proportion through the ionic bonding of the formation of crystals. Generally speaking, ionic crystals are brittle and hard, with high melting and boiling point characteristics, and can conduct electricity when molten or dissolved. All lithium-ion batteries, including lithium iron phosphate technology, are based on ionic conductivity.

Most of the internal crystal structure of lithium-ion battery cathode takes a "spinel structure" arrangement, lithium manganate, lithium cobaltate, ternary lithium batteries are so, this structure consists of eight small cubic units composed of spinel cells (units that make up the crystal, can be literally understood as crystal cells), the cells are then combined into an octahedral crystal structure. The olivine structure of LiFePO4 crystals is a short column.

The spinel structure of the above three lithium batteries have their own characteristics. Lithium cobalt-acid batteries have excellent overall performance, but low capacity and safety problems, and are more expensive to market; lithium manganate batteries because of good access to materials, low cost and safety, but poor cycle performance and storage performance; ternary lithium batteries are intended to reconcile the shortcomings of the two, the capacity has increased, and the stability of the structure has improved safety, but the price is still relatively expensive, because it also requires strategic raw materials cobalt. The general disadvantage of the spinel lithium-ion battery is that the power is not large, not suitable for large-scale.

The technical characteristics and economics of lithium iron phosphate batteries are just right for medium and large market scenarios. Specifically.

1. moderate voltage of lithium iron phosphate batteries: nominal voltage of 3.2V, termination charging voltage of 3.6V, termination discharge voltage of 2.0V.

2. high theoretical capacity, with an energy density of 170mAh/g.

3. good thermal stability and high temperature resistance.

4. moderate energy storage, cathode material compatible with most electrolyte systems.

5. termination voltage of 2.0V, which can discharge more capacity, large and balanced discharge.

6. Good voltage platform characteristics, and the balance of its charging and discharging voltage platform can be close to that of a regulated power supply.

The above technical characteristics make high power and safety ideal to achieve, which strongly promote the application of large-scale lithium iron phosphate battery.

In addition to technical characteristics, lithium iron phosphate batteries have two marketable advantages: 1. cheap raw materials, abundant resources; 2. does not contain precious metals, non-toxic, is an environmentally friendly product. This makes lithium iron phosphate applications in the current new energy vehicle market shine, and become the preferred energy storage technology for base stations.